Criticism Towards Shaḥrūr's Concept of The Prophet's Sunnah

Main Article Content

Fahmi Ali Syaifuddin Rizal

Abstract

This article deals with the concept of Sunnah proposed by Muḥammad Shaḥrūr and offers a criticism towards his tendency to the denial of the Prophet’s Sunnah (inkār al-Sunnah). Shaḥrūr rejects the Ḥadīth and Sunnah as the second source of Islamic law, by reformulating and redefining the concept of Ḥadīth and Sunnah. Shaḥrūr distinguished between Ḥadīth and Sunnah. According to him, the Ḥadīth is the Qur’ān itself, and the Sunnah has been the practical application (ijtihād) of the Prophet to implement what was revealed to him. Shaḥrūr’s rejection and denial of Ḥadīth and Sunnah are based on the argument that all Ḥadīths were filled with the story of Isrā’īliyyāt. The tendency towards inkār al-Sunnah represented by Shaḥrūr is not a completely new idea, since this position was also conceived by several previous figures. However, despite the fact that Shaḥrūr’s inkār al-Sunnah as argued on the basis of a new approach to Ḥadīth studies, this article reveals that Shaḥrūr’s understanding of, and his tendency to deny, Ḥadīths or Sunnah reflect his opposition against orthodox views on the Prophet’s Sunnah.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Rizal, Fahmi Ali Syaifuddin. “Criticism Towards Shaḥrūr’s Concept of The Prophet’s Sunnah”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 318-348. Accessed April 27, 2024. https://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/817.
Section
Articles

References

Ābādī, Majid al-Dīn Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad b. Ya‘qūb al-Fayrūzī. al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ, Vol. 1. Beirut: Mu’assis al-RisĀlah, 1426 H
Abādī, Muḥammad Ashraf b. ‘Alī b. Amīr b. ‘Alī Ibn Ḥaydar Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān. ‘Awn al-Ma‘būd Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd wa Ma‘ahū Ḥāshiyat Ibn al-Qayyim: Tahdhīb Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Vol. 10. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1415.
Abidin, Zainal. Rethinking Islam dan Iman. Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari Press, n.d.
‘Arabī (al), Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh Abū Bakr. Aḥkām al-Qu’rān, Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1424/2003.
‘Asqalānī (al), Abū al-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ‘Alī b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ḥajar. al-Iṣābah fī Tamyīz al-Ṣahābah, Vol. 7. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1415.
-----. Fatḥ al-Bārī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Vol. 5. Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 1379.
‘Azat, Darūzat Muḥammad. al-Tafsīr al-Ḥadīth, Vol. 2. Kairo: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Arabīyah, 1383.
Baghdādī (al), al-Khāṭīb. al-Kifāyah fī ‘Ilm al-Riwāyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 2006.
Balakhī (al), Abū al-Ḥasan Maqātil b. Sulaymān b. Bashīr al-Azadī. Tafsīr Maqātil b. Sulaymān, Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth, 1423.
Baṣrī (al), Qatādah b. Di‘āmah b. Qatādah b. ‘Azīz Abū al-Khaṭṭāb al-Sudūsī. al-Nāsih wa al-Mansūkh. N.p.: Mu’assisat al-Risālah, 1418.
Baṣrī (al), Abū Sulaymān Ḥamad b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Khaṭṭāb. Ma‘ālim al-Sunan Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwud, Vol. 4. Ḥalb: al-Maṭba‘ah al-‘Ilmīyah, 1351.
Clark, Peter. “The Shahrur Phenomenon; A Liberal Islamic Voice from Syria,” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Vol. 7. No. 3, 1996.
Dhahabī (al), Shams al-Dīn Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. ‘Uthmān b. Qaymār Mīzān al-I‘tidāl fī Naqd al-Rijāl, Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 1382.
Dhuhbah, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Suwaylim Abū. al-Isrā’īlīyyāt wa al-Mawḍū‘āt fī Kutub al-Tafsīr. N.p.: Maktabat al-Sunnah, n.d.
Dimashqī (al), Abū al-Fidā’ Ismā‘īl b. ‘Umar b. Kathīr al-Qarashī al-Baṣrī al-Dimashqī, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm (Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr), Vol. 7. N.p.: Dār Ṭayyibah, 1420.
Dimashqī (al), Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Kamāl al-Dīn b. Aḥmad b. Ḥusayn Burhān al-Dīn b. Ḥamzah al-Ḥusaybī. al-Bayān wa al-Ta‘rīf fī Asbāb Wurūd al-Ḥadīth al-Sharīf, Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Arabī, n.d.
Fawzān (al), Ṣāliḥ al-Dīn Fawzān b. ‘Abd Allāh. Sharḥ al-Uṣūl al-Thalāthah. N.p.: Mu’assis al-Risālah, 1427.
Fitria, Vita. “Komparasi Metodologis Konsep Sunnah Menurut Fazlur Rahman dan Muhammad Syahrur,” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum, Vol. 45, No. I2, Juli-Desember 2011.
Ḥabīb, Sa‘dī Abū. al-Qāmūs al-Fiqhīyah Lughah wa Iṣṭilāḥ. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1408.
Ḥanīf, ‘Abd al-Wadūd Maqbūl. Nuzūl al-Qur’ān wa al-‘Ināyah Bih fī ‘Ahd al-Nabī. Madinah: Majmū‘ al-Muluk Faḥd, n.d.
Ḥawayh, Muḥammad ‘Umar. Nuzūl al-Qur’ān al-Karīm wa Tārīkhih wa mā Yata’allaqu Bih. Madinah: Majmū‘ al-Muluk Faḥd, n.d.
Haikāl, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Ḥayāt Muḥammad wa Ālih wa Sallam. N.p.: n.p., n.d.
Ījī (al), Muḥammad b. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥasanī al-Ḥusaynī. Tafsīr al-Ījī Jāmi‘ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān, Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1424.
Ismā‘īl, Muḥammad Bakr. Dirāsāt fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. N.p.: Dār al-Manār, 1419.
Ismail, Ahmad Syarqawi. Rekonstruksi Konsep Wahyu Muhammad Syahrur. Yogyakarta: eLSAQ Press, 2003.
Jarīsī (al), Khālid b. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. ‘Alī. Mu‘allim al-Tajwīd. N.p.: n.p., n.d.
Jawīnī (al), ‘Abd al-Mālik b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Yūsuf b. Muḥammad al-Burhān fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1418.
Jawzī (al), Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Farj ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. ‘Alī b. Muḥammad al-Muṣfī bi Akfi Ahl al-Rasūkh min ‘Ilm al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh. N.p.: Mu’assisat al-Risālah, 1418.
Jīzānī (al), Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn b. Ḥasan. Ma‘ālim Uṣūl al-Fiqh ‘Inda Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah. N.p..: Dār Ibn al-Jawzī, 1427.
Ju’fī (al), Muḥammad b. Ismā‘īl Abū ‘Abd Allāh al-Bukhārī. al-Jāmi‘ al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Mukhtaṣar min Umūr Rasūl wa Sunanih wa Ayyāmih (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī), Vol. 3, No. 2.434. N.p.: Dār Ṭauq al-Najāh, 1422.
Kassī (al), Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd b. Ḥamīd b. Naṣr. al-Muntakhab min Musnad ‘Abd b. Ḥamīd, Vol. 1, No. 1156. Kairo: Maktabat al-Sunnah, 1408.
Khalāf, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb. ‘Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Mesir: Maktabat al-Da‘wah, n.d.
Khalīl, al-Sayyid Abū al-Ma‘āṭī al-Nūrī Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Razzāq ‘Id Maḥmūd Muḥammad. Mawsū‘at Aqwāl al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal fī Rijāl al-Ḥadīth wa ‘Ilalihī, Vol. 1. N.p.: ‘Ālim al-Kutub, 1417.
Khaṭtāṭ (al). Muḥammad Ṭāhir b. ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Kurdī al-Makkī al-Shāfi‘ī. Tārīkh al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Ḥijāz: Maṭba‘at al-Fatḥ bi Jiddah, 1365.
Kurdi et al. Hermenetika al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Yogyakarta: Elsaq Press, 2010.
Ma’lūf (al), Louwis b. Naqula Ẓāhir. al-Munjid fī al-Lughah. Beirut: al-Maṭba‘ah al-Kāthulīkīyah, 2010.
Mālikī (al), Abū Muḥammad Makkī b. Abī Ṭālib Ḥammūsh b. Muḥammad b. Mukhtār al-Qaysī al-Qīrāwānī al-Andalūsī al-Qurṭubī. al-Hidāyah ilā Bulūgh al-Nihāyah fī ‘Ilm Ma’ānī al-Qur’ān wa Tafsīrih wa Aḥkāmih wa Jumal min Funūn ‘Ulūmih, Vo. 11. N.p.: Majmū‘ Buḥūth al-Kitāb wa al-Sunnah, 1429.
Marāghī (al), Aḥmad b. Muṣṭafā. Tafsīr al-Marāghī, Vol. 28. Mesir: Shirkat Maktabat Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalbī, 1365.
Maṭ‘anī (al), ‘Abd al-‘Aẓīm Ibrāhīm Muḥammad. al-Shubhāt al-Thalāthūn al-Muthārah li Inkār al-Sunnah al-Nabawīyah ‘Arḍ wa Tafnīd wa Naqṣ. N.p.: Maktabat Wahbah, 1420.
Māwardī (al), Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Ḥabīb al-Baṣrī al-Baghdādī. Tafsīr al-Māwardī: al-Nukat wa al-‘Uyūn, Vol. 3. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, n.d.
Muḥāsibī (al), Abū ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥārith b. Asad. Fahm al-Qur’ān wa Ma‘ānīhi. Beirut: Dār al-Kindī, 1398.
Muqrī (al), Abū al-Qāsim b. Salāmah b. Naṣr b. ‘Alī al-Baghdādī. al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh. Beirut: al-Maktabat al-Islāmī, 1404.
Mustaqim, Abdul. Epistemologi Tafsir Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2010.
Muṭṭalib (al), Rif’at b. Fawzī ‘Abd. Tawthīq al-Sunnah fī al-Qarn al-Thānī al-Hijrah Asāsahū wa Ittijāhātihī. Mesir: Maktabat al-Khanā Najī, n.d.
Nawawī (al), Abū Zakariyā Maḥy al-Dīn Yaḥyā b. Sharf. al-Manhāj Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj, Vol. 9. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al- Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1392.
Qāsimī (al), Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn b. Muḥammad Sa‘īd b. Qādim al-Ḥalāq, Qawā‘id al-Taḥdīth min Funūn Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, n.d.
Qaṭṭān (al), Mannā’ b. Khalīl. Mabāḥith fī ‘Ulūm al-Qu’rān. Beirut: Maktabat al-Ma’ārif, 1421/2000.
Qurṭubī (al), Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī Bakr b. Farj al-Anṣārī al-Khazrazī Shams al-Dīn. al-Jāmi‘ li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān (Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī), Vol 13. Kairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣrīyah, 1384.
Raḥmānī (al), Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Ubayd Allāh b. Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Salām b. Khān Muḥammad b. Amān Allāh b. Ḥishām al-Dīn. Muru’āh al-Mafātīḥ Sharḥ Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ, Vol. 1. Benares India: Idārat al-Buḥūth al-‘Ilmīyah wa al-Da‘wah wa al-Iftā’, 1404.
Rāzī (al), Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. Idrīs b. al-Mundhīr al-Tamīmī b. Abī Ḥātim. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm li Ibn Abī Ḥātim, Vol. 10. Saudi Arabia: Maktabat Naẓār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1419.
Rūmī (al), Faḥd b. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Sulaymān. al-Badahiyāt fī al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Madinah: al-Jāmi‘ah al-Islāmīyah, 1417.
-----. Dirāsāt fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. N.p.: Ḥuqūq al-Ṭab‘ Maḥfūẓah, 1424.
Ṣābūnī (al), Muḥammad ‘Alī. Mukhtaṣar Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr, Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Qur’ān al-Karīm, 1402.
Ṣan‘ānī (al), Abū Bakr ‘Abd al-Razzāq b. Himām b. Nāfiq al-Ḥumayrī al-Yamānī. al-Muṣannaf ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣan‘ānī, Vol. 6. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1403.
Ṣawwāf (al), Muḥammad Munīr. Tahāfut al-Qirā’ah Mu‘āṣirah. Limmasol-Cyprus: al-Shawwāf li al-Nashr wa al-Dirāsāt, 1993.
Salamī (al), Zayn al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad b. Rajab b. al-Ḥasan. Sharḥ ‘Ila al-Tirmidhī. Yordania: Maktabat al-Manār, 1407.
Shāfi‘ī (al), Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs b. al-‘Abbās b. ‘Uthmān b. Shāfi‘ī b. ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib b. ‘Abd Manāf al-Qurayshī. Tafsīr al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī, Vol. 3. Saudi Arabīyah: Dār al-Tadmīrīyah, 1426.
Shāfi‘ī (al), Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥusayn b. Mas‘ūd b. Muḥammad b. al-Farā’ al-Baghawī. Ma‘ālim al-Tanzīl fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān (Tafsīr al-Baghawī), Vol. 5. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1420 H.
Shah, M. Awnul Abid. Islam Garda Depan; Mozaik Pemikiran Islam Timur Tengah. Bandung: Mizan 2001.
Shaḥrūr, Muḥammad. al-Sunnah al-Rasūlīyah wa al-Sunnah al-Nabawīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Sāqī, 2012.
-----. Islam dan Iman: Aturan-aturan Pokok, translated by M. Zaid Su’di. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Jendela, 2002.
-----. Metodologi Fiqih Islam Kontemporer, terj. Sahiron Syamsuddin. Yogyakarta: Kalimera, 2015.
-----. Prinsip dan Dasar Hermeneutika al-Qur’an Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: eLSAQ Prees, 2008.
-----. Epistimologi Qur’ani: Tafsir Kontemporer Ayat-ayat al-Qur’ān Berbasis Materialisme-Dialektika-Historis, translated by M. Firdaus. Bandung: Penerbit Marja, 2015.
Shaybānī (al), Abū ‘Abd Allāh Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ḥanbal b. Hilāl b. Asad. Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Vol. 22, No. 14631. N.p.: Mu’assis al-Risālah, 1421.
Sijistānī (al), Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān b. al-Ash‘ath b. Isḥāq b. Bashīr b. Shadād b. ‘Amr al-Azadī. Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Vol. 3, No. 3646. Beirut: al-Maktabat al-‘Aṣrīyah, n.d.
Ṭabarī (al), Muḥammad b. Jarīr b. Yazīd b. Kathīr b. Ghālib al-Amalī Abū Ja‘far. Jāmi‘ al-Bayān fī Ta’wīl al-Qurān (Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī), Vol. 23. N.p.: Mu’assis al-Risālah, 1420.
Tirmīdhī (al), Muḥammad b. ‘Īsā b. Sawrah b. Mūsā b. al-Ḍaḥāk Abū ‘Īsā. Sunan al-Tirmidhī, Vol 5, No. 3331. Mesir: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalbī, 1395.
Tustarī (al), Abū Muḥammad Sahl b. ‘Abd Allāh. Yūnus b. Rafī‘. Tafsīr al-Tustarī, Vol. 1. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1423.
‘Umar, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥammād ‘Alī. Dīn al-Ḥaq. Saudi Arabia: Wizārat al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmīyah wa al-Awqāf wa al-Da‘wah wa al-Irshād, 1420.
‘Umar, Aḥmad Mukhtār ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd. Mu‘jam al-Lughah al-‘Arabīyah al-Mu‘āṣirah, Vol. 1. N.p.: ‘Ālim al-Kutub, 1429.
‘Uthaymin (al), Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ b. Muḥammad Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth. Kairo: Maktabat al-‘Ilm, 1415.
-----. Tafsīr Juz’ ‘Am (Tafsīr al-‘Uthaymīn). Riyadh: Dār al-Tharayā, 1423.
Yamānī (al), Muḥammad b. ‘Alī b. Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh al-Shawkānī. Fatḥ al-Qadīr, Vol. 5. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 1414.
Yamanī (al), Nashwān b. Sa‘īd al-Hamīrī. Shams al-‘Ulūm wa Dawa’ Kalām al-‘Arab min al-Kalūm, Vol. 3. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Ma‘āṣir, 1420.
Ẓāhirī (al), Abū Muḥammad ‘Alī b. Aḥmad b. Sa‘īd b. Ḥazm al-Andalusī al-Qurṭubī. al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh fī al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1406.
Zahw, Muḥammad Abū. al-Ḥadīth wa al-Muḥaddithūn. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī, 1378.
Zajāj (al), Ibrāhīm b. al-Sarī b. Sahl Abū Isḥāq. Ma‘ānī al-Qur’ān wa I‘rābih, Vol. 5. Beirut: ‘Alim al-Kutub, 1408.
Zarkashī (al), Abū ‘Abd Allāh Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Buhādir. al-Burhān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Vol. 1. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabīyah, 1376.
Zuḥaylī (al), Wahbah b. Muṣṭafā. al-Tafsīr al-Munīr fī al-‘Aqīdah wa al-Sharī‘ah wa al-Manhaj (al-Tafsīr al-Munīr li al-Zuḥaylī), Vol. 9. Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, 1422.
Zurqānī (al), Muḥamamd ‘Abd al-‘Aẓīm. Manāhil al-‘Irfān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Vol. 1. N.p.: Maṭba‘ ‘Īsā al-Bānī al-Ḥilmī, n.d.