Menelisik Dinamika Radikalisme Gen Z Perempuan di Facebook
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Published:
Sep 1, 2019
Keywords:
Onlien media, radical woman, ISIS ideology, gen Z
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Abstract
Nowadays, the proliferation of radicalization among the so-called Generation Z in the online space shows an alarming phenomenon. This article is to explore how online media is used by a woman of generation Z, Nurdhania, to access ideological propaganda of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The questions are how was the propaganda embedded in Nurdhania’s mind? How big are the Nurdhania’s commitment, involvement, and struggle in supporting ISIS? To answer these questions, this research used the method of ethnography, through the internet, of blogs and social media that belong to Nurdhania, and conducted an interview with one of her relatives in Yogyakarta. This article argues that Nurdhania was exposed to the ideology of ISIS because of (1) her confusion with the uncertainty of the future; (2) a ‘moral panic’ she had experienced; and (3) the Islamic State highlighted as the most ideal state system.
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Saputra, Eko. “Menelisik Dinamika Radikalisme Gen Z Perempuan Di Facebook”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 103-125. Accessed May 6, 2024. https://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/606.
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Wawancara
M. Raihan Rafisanjani. Wawancara. Yogyakarta, 2019.
Azra, Azyumardi. “Globalization of Indonesian Muslim Discourse: Contemporary Religio-Intellectual Connections between Indonesia and the Middle East”, dalam Johan Meuleman, Islam in the Era of Globalization: Muslim Attitudes towards Modernity and Identity. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
Broadbent, Emma. Generation Z: Global Citizenship Survey. London: Varkey Fundation, 2017.
Campbell, Heidi A. (ed.). Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds. London: Routledge, 2013.
Gow, James et al. (eds.). Militancy and Violence in West Africa: Religion, Politics, and Radicalisation. London: Routledge, 2013.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. “Gagalnya Jihadisme di Kalangan Generasi Milenial”, dalam Noorhaidi Hasan et al., Literatur Keisalaman Generasi Milenial: Transmisi, Apropriasi, dan Kontestasi. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Perss 2018.
-----. “Menuju Islamisme Populer”, dalam Noorhaidi Hasan et al., Literatur Keisalaman Generasi Milenial: Transmisi, Apropriasi, dan Kontestasi. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Perss 2018.
Hélie, Anissa. “The US Occupation and Rising Religious Extremism: The Double Threat to Women in Iraq”, Znet, 24 Juni 2005, http://www.zcommunications.org/the-u-s-occupation-and-rising-religious-extremism-by-anissa-h-lie.
Herrera, Linda dan Asef Bayat (eds.). Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Howard, Robert Glenn. “Enacting a Virtual ‘Ekklesia’: Online Christian Fundamentalism as Vernacular Religion”, New Media & Society, Vol. 12, No. 5, 2010.
https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/GenerasiZ. Diakses pada 13 Juli 2019.
https://m.facebook.com/groups/251751038294937?view=permalink&id=538586862944685. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2019.
https://shiningsooul.wordpress.com/2019/07/02/warna-warni-hidup/.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.kompas.com/tekno/read/2014/11/24/07430087/Pengguna.Internet.Indonesia.Nomor.Enam.Dunia.
https://www.ruangobrol.id/2019/11/21/ulasan/analisa/pengalaman-returnees-kena-doktrinisasi-kelompok-ekstrimis/. 13 Juli 2019.
https://www.ruangobrol.id/2019/11/27/fenomena/perdamaian/returnees-juga-pernah-galau/. Diakses 13 Juli 2019.
https://youtu.be/4Cm-b9lkyec. Diakses pada 13 Juli 2019.
https://youtu.be/DJ7lxI4YcfY. Diakses pada 12 Juli 2019.
https://youtu.be/DJ7lxI4YcfY. Diakses pada 12 Juli 2019.
Ikhwan, Munirul. “Produksi Wacana Islam di Indonesia: Revitalisasi Islam Publik dan Politik Muslim”, dalam Noorhaidi Hasan et al., Literatur Keisalaman Generasi Milenial: Transmisi, Apropriasi, dan Kontestasi. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Perss 2018.
Innis, Harold A. Empire and Communications. Victoria: Press Porcepic, 1986.
Ismail, Noor Huda. “The Role of Kinship in Indonesia’s Jemaah Islamiya”, Terrorism Monitor, Vol. 4, No. 11, 2006.
Kailani, Najib. “Forum Lingkar Pena and Muslim Youth in Contemporary Indonesia”, RIMA: Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2012.
King, Michael dan Donald M. Taylor. “The Radicalization of Homegrown Jihadists: A Review of Theoretical Models and Social Psychological Evidence”, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2011.
Knop, Katharina Von. “The Female Jihad: Al Qaeda’s Women”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 30, No. 5, 2017.
Laporan ICG (International Crisis Group) No. 83. “Indonesia Backgrounder: Why Salafism and Terrorism Mostly Adon’t Mix”. 2004.
Laporan IPAC No. 13, “The Evolution of ISIS in Indonesia”, 2014.
Laporan IPAC No. 35. “Mother to Bombers: The Evolution of Indonesia Woman Extremists”. 2017.
Laporan IPAC No. 39. “The Radicalisation of Indonesian Woman Workers in Hong Kong”. 2017.
Laporan IPAC No. 47. “Managing Indoneaia’s Pro-ISIS Depor-tees”, 2018.
Laporan IPAC No. 51. “The Surabaya Bombing’s and the Future of ISIS in Indonesia”. 2018.
Laporan IPAC No. 56. “The Ongoing Problem of Pro-ISIS Cells in Indonesia”. 2019.
Lasswell, Harold D. “The Structure and Function of Commu-nication in Society”, The Communication of Ideas, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1948.
-----. Propaganda Technique in World War 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971a.
Lyansari, Kirana Nur. “Hijrah Celebrity Creating New Religiosities, Branding Economics of Lifestyle in the Age of Muslim Mass Consumption”, Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2018.
Maulana, Dirga. Situs-situs Islam: Konstestasi Narasi Radikal dan Moderat, Vol. 1, No. 3. Jakarta: PPIM UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2018.
McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
Misbah, Aflahal. “Fashion dalam Konstruksi Otoritas Ulama: Pandangan Kiai Shalih Darat”, Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2018.
Nelly, Lahoud. “The Neglected Sex: The Jihadis’ Exclusion of Women From Jihad”, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, No. 5, 2014.
Nisa, Yunita Faela. “Generasi Z: Generasi yang Galau”, dalam Didin Syafruddin dan Ismatu Ropi (eds.), Generasi Z: Kegalauan Identitas Keagamaan. Jakarta: PPIM-UIN Jakarta, 2018.
Nuraniyah, Nava. “Not Just Brainwashed: Understanding the Radicalization of Indonesian Female Supporters of the Islamic State”, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 30, No. 6, 2018.
Piazza, James A. “Poverty, Minority Economic Discrimination, and Domestic Terrorism”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2011.
Qodir, Zuly. “Gerakan Salafi Radikal dalam Konteks Islam Indonesia: Tinjauan Sejarah”, Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2008.
Rafiq, Ahmad. “Dinamika Literatur Islamis di Ranah Lokal”, dalam Noorhaidi Hasan et al., Literatur Keisalaman Generasi Milenial: Transmisi, Apropriasi, dan Kontestasi. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Perss 2018.
Saikal, Amin. “Women and Jihad: Combating Violent Extremism and Developing New Approaches to Conflict Resolution in the Greater Middle East”, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 36, No. 3, 2016.
Smit, Rosalie. “Defining Professionalism in anti-Islamic Radicalism Policies”. Working Research Paper (Working in the Front-line of Society Amsterdam, 2009).
Suhadi. “Menu Bacaan Pendidikan Agama Islam”, dalam Noorhaidi Hasan et al., Literatur Keisalaman Generasi Milenial: Transmisi, Apropriasi, dan Kontestasi. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Perss 2018.
Sunarto, Andang. “Dampak Penyebaran Ideologi Ultrakonservatif di Media Sosial”, Nuansa, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2017.
Supratman, Lucy Pujasari. “Penggunaan Media Sosial oleh Digital Native”, Ilmu Komonikasi, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2018.
Syahputra, Iswandi. Hoaks dan Spiral Kebencian di Media Sosial. Yogyakarta: UINSunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2019.
Tighe, Evan. “Trust in Allah, But Tie Your Camel: The Effects of Radicalized Schooling and State Security on Islamic Terrorism in the Middle East”. Disertasi--University of Georgia, Athens, 2011.
Triantoro, Dony Arung. “Ustaz Abdul Somad: Otoritas Karismatik dan Media Baru”. Tesis--UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2019.
Watson, C.W. “Islamic Books and Their Publishers: Notes on the Contemporary Indonesian Scene”, Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2005.
Watson, John. B. Psychology From the Standpoint of A Behaviorist. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1919.
Williams, Raymond. Television: Technology and Cultural Form. London: Routledge, 2003.
Young, G. “Reading and Praying Online: The Continuity of Religion Online and Online Religion in Internet Christianity”, dalam L. Dawson and D. Cowan (eds.). Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Zambelis, Chris. “Is there a Nexus between Torture and Radicalization?”, Terrorism Monitor, Vol. 6, No. 13, 2008.
Wawancara
M. Raihan Rafisanjani. Wawancara. Yogyakarta, 2019.