In Search for Muslim Ethics of Calvinism: Improving the Quality of Public Life through the Incorporation of Religious Narratives into the State Policies in Indonesia
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Abstract
This article deals with an exploration of how Islam is translated into Calvinist ethics into the state policies in order to improve the quality of public life in Indonesia by revisiting the foundation of “mild secularism” adopted by the founding fathers of this country. Along with this argument, religious ethics can be utilized in improving the quality of public life by revitalizing religious doctrines to support the betterment of public life quality. In doing so, reactivating the mechanisms of inductive rational thinking such as ijtihad or tajdīd is badly needed in order to deconstruct old-fashioned understanding of religious teachings prevalent in society regarding all issues contradictory to the betterment of public life quality such as Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy index, health issues, and so forth. However, this huge undertaking is only possible by means of a concerted collaboration across institutions both within state structure and outside of it.
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Hilmy, Masdar, and Hammis Syafaq. “In Search for Muslim Ethics of Calvinism: Improving the Quality of Public Life through the Incorporation of Religious Narratives into the State Policies in Indonesia”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2024): 49-74. Accessed May 1, 2024. https://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/1097.
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References
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Nelson-Pallmeyer, Jack. Is Religion Killing Us? Violence in the Bible and the Quran. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2003.
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Abu-Nimer, M. Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam: Theory and Practice. Gainesville, Fl.: University Press of Florida, 2003.
Alfitri. Islamic Law and Society in Indonesia Corporate Zakat Norms and Practices in Islamic Banks. London: Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003183112.
Al-Qurtuby, Sumanto. “Calling for “Islamic Protestantism” in Indonesia and Beyond: Towards Democratic and Pluralistic Islam.” Journal of Indonesian Islam, Vol. 2, No. 01 (June 2008), 151-177. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2008.2.1.151-177.
Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2003.
Assyaukanie, Luthfi. Islam and the Secular State in Indonesia. Singapore: ISEAS, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812308900.
Barton, Greg. “Indonesia: Legitimacy, Secular Democracy, and Islam.” Politics & Policy, Vol. 38, No. 3 (June 2010), 471-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00244.x.
Batlajery, Agustinus M. L. “The Impact of Calvinist Teaching in Indonesia.” Unio Cum Christo, Vol. 3, No. 2 (October 2017), 203-2018. https://doi.org/10.35285/ucc3.2.2017.art12.
Berger, Peter L. and Luckmann, Thomas. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Penguin, 1991.
Bianchi, Robert R. Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195171071.001.0001.
Bunde, Armin, Jürgen Kropp and Hans Joachim Schellnhuber (eds.). The Science of Disasters: Climate Disruption, Heart Attacks, and Market Crashes. Giessen, Germany: Springer, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56257-0.
Chester, D. K. “Theodicy of Natural Disasters.” Scottish Journal of Theology, Vol. 51, No. 04 (November 1998), 485-506. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0036930600056866.
Chester, David K. “Theology and Disaster Studies: The Need for Dialogue.” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 146, No. 4 (1 September 2005), 319-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.03.004.
Coward, Harold and Gordon S. Smith (eds.). Religion and Peacebuilding. New York: State University of New York Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1353/book4749.
Dubois, Heather. “Religion and Peacebuilding: An Ambivalent yet Vital Relationship.” Journal of Religion, Conflict and Peace, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Spring, 2008).
Feldman, Noah. The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Fromm, Erich. The Heart of Man: Its Genius for Good and Evil. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1964.
Gorski, Philip S. The Disciplinary Revolution: Calvinism and the Rise of the State in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226304861.001.0001.
Hedayat, Kamyar. “When the Spirit Leaves: Childhood Death, Grieving, and Bereavement in Islam.” Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 6 (2006), 1282-1291. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1282.
Hefner, Robert. Islam and Citizenship in Indonesia: Democracy and the Quest for an Inclusive Public Ethics. London & New York: 2024. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032629155.
Hilmy, Masdar. “Agama dalam Arsitektur Negara-Bangsa.” Kompas, 17 April 2023.
-----. “Mengurai Sengkarut Dispensasi Nikah.” Jawa Pos, 31 January 2023.
-----. “Nalar Agama Melawan Pandemi.” Kompas, 30 July 2021.
-----. “Winning the Battle of Authorities: The Muslim Disputes over the Covid-19 Pandemic Plague in Contemporary Indonesia,” Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2020), 293-326. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v8i2.7670.
-----. Islamism and Democracy in Indonesia: Piety and Pragmatism. Singapore: ISEAS, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812309730.
Hosen, Nadirsyah. “Religion and the Indonesian Constitution: A Recent Debate.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 36, No. 03 (October 2005), 419-440. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463405000238
Hull, Terence H. “The Political Framework for Family Planning in Indonesia: Three Decades of Development.” In Two is enough: Family Planning in Indonesia under the New Order 1968-1998. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004454576_006.
Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York & London: Simon & bSchuster Paperbacks, 1996.
Husaini, Adian. Liberalisasi Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Dewan Da’wah Islamiyah Indonesia, 2006.
Karber, Phil. Fear and Faith in Paradise: Exploring Conflict & Religion in the Middle East. New York & Toronto: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012.
Khitam, Husnul. “Islam and Capitalism: The Dynamics of Religion and Contemporary Indonesian Work Orientation.” Al-A’raf, Vol. 19, No. 1 (June 2022), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v19i1.5226.
Kimball, Charles. When Religion Becomes Evil. San Francisco: Harper, 2004.
-----. When Religion Becomes Lethal: The Explosive Mix of Politics and Religion in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011.
Koenig, Harold G. and Saad Al Shohaib. Health and Well-Being in Islamic Societies: Background, Research, and Applications. New York & London: Springer, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05873-3.
Mu’ti, Abdul et al. (eds.). Kosmopolitanisme Islam Berkemajuan: Catatan Kritis Muktamar Teladan ke-47 Muhammadiyah di Makasar 2015. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press, 2016.
Mujani, Saiful and Liddle, William R. “Muslim Indonesia’s Secular Democracy.” Asian Survey, Vol. 49, No. 4 (July/August, 2009), 575-590. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.4.575.
Nasr, Vali. “Secularism: Lessons from the Muslim World.” Daedalus, Vol. 132, No. 3 (2003), 67-72 (69).
Nelson-Pallmeyer, Jack. Is Religion Killing Us? Violence in the Bible and the Quran. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2003.
“PBNU Gelar Halaqah Fiqih Peradaban di 250 Titik.” NU Online, 21 June 2023.
Saleh, Fauzan. Modern Trends in Islamic Theological Discourse in Twentieth Century Indonesia: A Critical Survey. Leiden: Brill, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047401131.
Sirozi, Muhammad. “Secular-Religious Debates on the Indonesian National Education System: Colonial Legacy and a Search for National Identity in Education.” Intercultural Education, Vol. 15, No 2 (2004), 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/1467598042000224998.
Sirry, Mun’im. “Fatwas and their controversy: The case of the Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI).” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 44, No. 1 (February, 2013), 100-117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463412000641.
Sukidi. “Max Weber’s Remarks on Islam: The Protestant Ethic among Muslim Puritans.” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Vol. 17, No. 2 (2006), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410600604484.
“The Global God Divide.” Pew Research Center, 20 July 2020 (www.pewresearch.org).
Turner, Bryan S. Weber and Islam: A Critical Study. London: Routledge, 1998.
Wahid, Abdurrahman. “Indonesia’s Mild Secularism.” SAIS Review, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Summer-Fall, 2001), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2001.0051.
Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. T. Parsons. London & New York: Routledge, 2005. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203995808.
-----. The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism. London: Harper Collins, 1991.
World Bank data (www.data.worldbank.org).
www.dataindonesia.id (accessed on 22 December 2023).