Moderate Muslim in Indonesia: Views of Muslim Elite toward Religious and Socio-political Issues
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Published:
Sep 1, 2023
Keywords:
Muslim elite, moderatism, conservatism, liberalism, Islamism
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Abstract
This article explores the views of Muslim elites regarding religious and socio-political issues as a means of explaining moderate Islam in Indonesia. Specifically, its aim is to shed light on this matter by mapping the ideological spectrum of Muslim elites’ perspectives on significant religious and political issues. A solid understanding of the socio-political context and the viewpoints of the elite is a crucial step towards comprehending the development of religious and political attitudes among the general population and the resulting impact on the social and political progress of the country. Based on fieldwork, this article argues that the majority of Muslim elites lean towards a moderate stance when it comes to perceiving ideological matters. Nevertheless, some still exhibit a tendency towards conservatism. It is important to note that this study is limited in its geographical scope. Consequently, further research should encompass various regions of Indonesia to provide a more comprehensive and holistic perspective.
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Ridwan, Ridwan, Djayadi Hanan, and M. Syafii Anwar. “Moderate Muslim in Indonesia: Views of Muslim Elite Toward Religious and Socio-Political Issues”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 18, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 1-27. Accessed April 28, 2024. https://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/1030.
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References
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Abdi, Suoriyanto. “Islam and (Political) Liberalism: A Note on An Evolving Debate in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Islam, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2009), 370-389. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2009.3.2.370-389.
Achilov, Dilshod and Sedat Sen. “Got Political Islam? Are Politically Moderate Muslim Really Different From Radicals?” International Political Science Review, Vol. 38, No. 5, (2017), 608-624. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116641940.
Akhmetova, Elmira and Muhammad Izzuddin Jaafar. “Religious Extremism and Radicalisation of Muslims in Malaysia.” Journal of Nusantara Studies, Vol. 5, No 1, (2020), 104-123. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp104-123.
Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz. “Liberal Islam: An Analysis.” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2007), 44-70. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v24i2.420.
Anwar, M. Syafi’i. The Clash of Religio-Political Thought: The Contest Between Radical Conservative Islam and Progressive Liberal Islam in Post Soeharto Indonesia. Oxford: University Press, 2007.
Aspinall, Edward et al., “Elites, Masses, And Democratic Decline in Indonesia.” Democratization, Vol. 27, No. 4, (2019), 505-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1680971.
Bakir, Muhamadul and Khatijah Othman. “A Conceptual analysis of Wasatiyyah (Islamic Moderation-IM) from Islamic Knowledge Management (IKM) Perspective.” Revelation and Science, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2017), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.71.02.
Baran, Zeyno. “Introduction and Overview,” in The Other Muslims, Moderate and Secular, ed. Zeyno Baran. US: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106031.
Burhani, Ahmad Najib. “Al-Tawassuṭ wa-l I’tidāl: The NU and Moderatism in Indonesian Islam.” Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 40, No. 5/6 (2012), 564-581. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-12341262.
Clark, Janine A. “The Conditions of Islamic Moderation: Unpacking Cross-ideological Cooperation in Jordan.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4, (2006), 539-560. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743806412460.
Hilmy, Masdar. “Whiter Indonesia’s Islamic Moderatism? A Re-examination on the Moderate Vision of Muhammadiyah and NU.” Journal of Indonesian Islam, Vol. 7, No.1, (2013), 24-48. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2013.7.1.24-48.
Jubba, Hasse, Jaffari Awang, and Siti Aisyah Sungkilang. “The Challenge of Islamic Organization in Promoting Moderation in Indonesia.” Wawasan, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2021), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v6i1.12948.
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim and Tariq Ramadan. The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam: The Qur’anic Principle of Wasathiyyah. New York: USA Oxford University Press, 2015.
Kasdi, Abdurrohman. “Washatiyyah Islam as the Road to Moderatism in Indonesia.” Al Albab, Vol. 8, No. 2, (2019), 181-182. https://doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v8i2.1356.
Kepel, Gilles. Beyond Terror and Martyrdom. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
Kurzman, Charles (ed.). Liberal Islam: A Source Book. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Lewis, Bernard. What Went Wrong. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Maghfuri, Amin. “Peran Lembaga Pendidijan Dalam Pengarusutamaan Islam Moderat sebagai Upaya Melawan Paham Konservatif Radikal.” Tafsir Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, Vo. 14, No. 2, (2019), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.19105/tjpi.v14i2.2713.
Menchik, Jeremy. Islam and Democracy in Indonesia: Tolerance without Liberalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2025.
Mirahmadi, Hedieh. “Navigating Islam in America,” in The Other Muslims, Moderate and Secular, ed. Zeyno Baran. US: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106031_2.
Rashid, Radzuwan Ab et al. “Conceptualizing The Characteristics of Moderate Muslims: A Systematic Review.” Social Identities, Vol. 26, No. 6, (2020), 829-841. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2020.1814720.
Schmid, Alex P. “Moderate Muslims and Islamist Terrorism: Between Denial and Resistance,” International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (2017), http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep29432.
Sutanto, Trisno S. et al. “Menakar Moderasi Beragama: Pembacaan Kritis,” in Politik Moderasi dan Kebebasan Bedragama, Suatu Tinjauan Kritis, eds. Zainal Abidin Bagir and Jimmy Sormin. Jakarta: Elexmedia Komputindo, 2022.
Tibi, Bassam. Political Islam, World Politics, and Europe. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Tim Penyusun Kementerian Agama. Moderasi Beragama. Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat, Kementerian Agama RI, 2019.
Van Bruinessen, Martin (ed.). Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013.
-----. “What Happened to the Smiling Face of Indonesian Islam? Muslim Intellectualism and the Conservative Turn in Post-Suharto Indonesia.” RSIS Working Paper, No. 222 (6 January 2011).
White, Joshua T. “Beyond Moderation: Dynamic of Political Islam in Pakistan.” Contemporary South Asia, Vol. 20, No. 2, (2012) 179-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2012.670200.
Zuhur, Sherifa. Precision in the Global War on Terror: Inciting Muslims Through the War of Ideas. N.p.: Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2008. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA479963.