Traditional Ulama Movement Against Invaders: Darul Uloom Deoband, India and Pesantren Tebuireng, Indonesia
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Published:
Mar 1, 2022
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Darul Uloom Deoband, Pesantren Tebuireng, nationalism, struggle for independence.
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Abstract
This article attempts to describe the role of ulama (Islamic Scholars) of Darul Uloom Deoband in India and those of Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang in Indonesia, who are categorized as traditionalist, in the independence movement against the invaders. The ulama of Darul Uloom Deoband opposed to the British rule, while the ulama of Tebuireng struggled against the Dutch colonialism and Japanese occupation. Using a historical approach, this article reveals that traditionalist scholars in both institutions had a significant role in the independence movement, even though Islam is minority in India and majority in Indonesia. They fostered anti-colonial attitudes against the invaders in order to defend their homeland and fight for their country’s independence.
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Zaini, Achmad. “Traditional Ulama Movement Against Invaders: Darul Uloom Deoband, India and Pesantren Tebuireng, Indonesia”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 194-221. Accessed April 27, 2024. https://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/902.
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Boland, B.J. The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971.
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Dhofier, Zamakhsyari. “KH.A. Wahid Hasyim Rantai Penghubung Peradaban Pesantren dengan Peradaban Indonesia Modern,” Prisma, Vol. 8, No 8, 1984.
Faruqi, Ziya-ul Hasan. The Deoband School and the Demand for Pakistan. New York: Asia Publishing House, 1963.
Garaghan, Gilbert J. A Guide to Historical Method. Wisconsin: The Cornwall Press, 1946.
Geertz, Cliffort. “The Javanese Kijaji: The Changing Role of a Cultural Broker,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1960.
-----. The Religio of Java. Illinois: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1960.
Graham, G.F.I. The Life and Works of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Haidar, Ali. Nahdatul Ulama dan Islam di Indonesia Pendekatan Fikih dalam Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1994.
Hurgronje, Snouck. Mekka in the Later Part of the Nineteenth Century. Leyden: E.J. Brill, 1931.
Kahin, George McTurnan. Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornel University Perss, 1952.
Keddie, Nikki R. “Pan-Islamas Proto Nationalism,” Journal of Modern History, No. 1, Vol. 41, 1969.
Khalidi, Rashid. “Pakistan,” in John L. Esposito, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 3. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Latief, KH. M. Hasyim. Laskar Hisbullah Berjuang Menegakkan Negara RI. Surabaya: Lajnah Ta’lif wan Nasyr, 1995.
Maitland, Christine. “Prelude to Partition: An Analysis of the Sources of Hindu-Muslim Discord.” M.A. Thesis--California State University, 1973.
Manus, MPB. Tokoh-Tokoh Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional, 1993.
Markas tertinggi Barisan Sabilillah Indonesia. “Makloemat Sabil ke-I,” Soeara Moeslimin Indonesia, Vol. 3, No. 20, 1945.
McDonough, Sheila. “The Religious Legitimization of Change among Modernist in Indo-Pakistani Islam,” in Bardwell L. Smith, Religion and the Legitimation of Power in South Asia. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1978.
Mehden, Fred R. Von der. Religion and Nationalism in Southeast Asia: Burma, Indonesia the Philippines. Modison: the University of Wisconsin Press, 1968.
Metcalf, Barbara D. “Deobandis,” in John L. Esposito, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 1. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
-----. “The Madrasa at Deoband: A Model for Religious in Modern India,” Modern Islamic Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1978.
-----. Islamic Revival in British India Deoband, 1860-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, n.d.
Minault, Gail. The Khilafat Movement: Religious, Sysmbolism and Political Mobilization in India. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.
Muhammad, Shan. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: A Political Biography. Meerut: Meenakshi Praksahan, 1969.
-----. Writings and Speeches of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. Bombay: Nachiketa Publishecations Limited, 1972.
Nakamura, Mitsuo. “Nahdlatul Ulama,” in John L. Esposito (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Noer, Deliar. Adminitration of Islam in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2010.
-----. Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1985.
Panitya Harlah 40 Tahun NU. Tambah Usia, Tambah Amal Sedjarah Ringkas Nahdlatul Ulama. Jakarta: Panitya Harlah 40 Tahun NU, 1966.
Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford. The History of Java, Vol. 2. Second Edition. London: N.p., 1830.
Reid, Anthony. The Indonesian National Revolution 1945-1950. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1974.
Ricklefs, M.C. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Sharief, M.N. A History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol. 2. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1966.
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. Modern Islam in India. Lahore: Ripon
Soeara MIAI, No. 20, 15 Oktober 1943.
Soeara MIAI, Vol. 1, No. 1, 17 Ramadan 1362/11 September 1943.
Soeara Moeslimin Indonesia, No. 2, 2 Djumadil Akhir 1364/15 May 1945.
Soeara Moeslimin Indonesia, Vol. 3, No. 10, 2 Djumadil Akhir 1364/15 May 1945.
Soeara Moeslimin Indonesia, Vol. 3, No. 6, 30 Rabi’ul Awal 1364/15 March 1945.
Suminto, H. Aqib. Politik Hindia Belanda: Het. Kantor voor Inlandsche Zaken. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1986.
Tabassum, Farhat. Deoband Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of India. New Delhi: Jamiat-Ulama-i-Hind, 2006.
Tholib, Udjang. “The Causes of the Growth of Pan-Islamism and its Impact on Indian Muslims.” In Sri Mulyati et al. Islam and Development: A Politico-Religious Renponse. Yogyakarta: Permika Montreal & LPMI, 1977.
Thoyib, Ruswan. “Kolonialisme dan Pembaruan Pendidikan Islam di India dan Indonesia,” in Doddy S. Truna and Ismatu Ropi, Pranata Islam di Indonesia: Pergulatan Sosial, Politik, Hukum dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Logos, 2002.
U.S. Departemen of Commerce Office of Technical Service. Japanese Military Adminitration in Indonesia.
Verslag Majlis Islam A’la Indonesia (M.I.A.I), September 1940 - Juni 1941.
Wahid, Abdurrahman. “Nahdlatul Ulama dan Khittah 1926,” in Mansyur Amin and Ismail S. Ahmad (ed.), Dialog Pemikiran Islam dan Realitas Empirik. Yogyakarta: LKPSM, 1993.
Wehl, David. The Birth of Indonesia. London: GeorgeAallen and Unwim, 1948.
Wertheim, W. F. Indonesia Society in Transition: A Study of Social Change. The Hague: W. van Hoeve, 1966.
Wertheim, W.F. Indonesia Society in Transition: A Study of Social Change. The Hagues W. Van Hoeven: 1966.
Yamin, M. Naskah Persiapan Undang-Undang dasar Republik Indonesia, Vol. 1. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan, 1959.
Zuhri, Saifuddin. Guruku Orang-Orang Pesantren. Bandung: Al-Ma’arif, 1977.
Zuhri, Saifuddin. Sejarah Kebangkitan Islam dan Perkembangannya di Indonesia. Bandung: Al-Ma’arif.