Developing an Alternative Modernity: The Case of Pondok Modern Gontor
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Published:
Sep 1, 2022
Keywords:
postmodernism, pesantren, alternative modernity, Gontor
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Abstract
The debate about the image of pesantren, considered far from Modernity, has become a new intellective space that can be started through a postmodernism perspective. The thought later brings forth an alternative understanding of Modernity itself because the pesantren Gontor has proven that a number of its cadres can adapt optimally to Modernity and technology so that their capabilities are widely recognized globally. Therefore, this article explores how the Postmodernism approach concerning the study of international relations science which has strong relevance to postcolonial conditions, takes fundamental control over the ongoing modernization, especially in the field of technology in a traditional religious education institution like pesantren Gontor, so that it can be categorized in Alternative Modernity. Furthermore, the writing of this article uses a qualitative method with a literature study that allows further research to be needed. This article concludes that the pesantren Gontor has succeeded in offering a strong combination of Indonesian and Islamic characters as an Alternative Modernity to the Islamic education system in Indonesia.
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Nibal, Rachel Kamilia Faradiba. “Developing an Alternative Modernity: The Case of Pondok Modern Gontor”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 17, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 167-188. Accessed April 20, 2024. https://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/941.
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References
1. Books and articles
Abdullah, Hawasy. Perkembangan Ilmu Tasawuf dan Tokoh-Tokohnya di Nusantara. Surabaya: Al-Ikhlas, 1980.
Addas, Claude. Mencari Belerang Merah, Kisah Hidup Ibnu Arabi Trans Zaimul Am (Jakarta: Serambi, 2004).
Afandi, Saberan. "Makalah Bahasan: Beberapa Ajaran Kitab Tasawuf Wahdatul Wujud yang Tidak Sejalan dengan Ajaran Tasawuf Ahlussunnah (prasaran yang disampaikan oleh K.H. Djanawi) " in Report on Seminar on Strengthening Sunni Sufism in South Kalimantan, 26-27 March ( Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari 1986).
Al-Attas, Sayyid Muhammad Naquib. “Rânirî and the Wujûdiyyah of 17th Century: a critical study of Nûr al-Dîn al-Rânîrî’s Refutation of Hamzah Fansuri’s Mystical Philosophy based on Rânîrî’s Hujjat ’l-Siddîq lidaf’i ‘l-Zindîq and Tibyân fi Ma’rifat ‘l-Adyân and Other Malay Sources” (Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, 1962).
Al-Attas, Sayyid Muhammad Naquib. The Mysticism of Hamzah Fansuri (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya, 1970).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayân Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât, wa al-Dzât, Dzât al-Taqdîs (Bulâq: Maktabah al-Mîriyyah, 1302H/1885M).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayân Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât, wa al-Dzât, Dzât al-Taqdîs (Singapura: al-Haramain, tth).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayân Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât, wa al-Dzât, Dzât al-Taqdîs (Surabaya: Maktabah Sa’ad bin Nashir bin Nabhan, tth).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayâni Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât wa al-Dzât Dzât al-Taqdîs, tahqîq wa ta’lîq oleh Ust. Ahmad Syuhada bin Thaberani al-Alabi al-Banjari (Kandangan: Sahabat, 2013).
Alexander D. Knysh, Ibnu ‘Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam (Albany: State University of New York, 1999).
Al-Falimbani, Abd al-Shamad. Sair al-Sâlikin Jilid 3 (Singapura: al-Haramain, tth), 185.
Al-Faththânî, Zain al-‘Abidin Ibn Muhammad. Aqîdat al-Nâjîn (Singapura: al-Haramain, tth).
Arsyad, Jamhari. “Risalah Amal Ma’rifah, Tinjauan Atas Satu Ajaran Tasawuf” (Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Antasari, Banjarmasin, 1985).
Asad, Talal. The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam (Wahington: CCAS Georgetown University, 1986).
Bruinessen, Martin van. Kitab Kuning, Pesantren dan Tarekat (Yogyakarta: Gading, 2012).
Djanawi, "Beberapa Ajaran Kitab Tasawuf Wahdatul Wujud yang Tidak Sejalan dengan Ajaran Tasawuf Ahlussunnah" in Report on Seminar on Strengthening Sunni Sufism in Saouth Kalimantan,, 26-27 March (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 1986).
Fathurrahman, Oman. Ithâf al-Dzakî: Tafsir Wahdat al-Wujud bagi Muslim Nusantara (Bandung: Mizan, 2012).
H.N., Haderanie. Ilmu Ketuhanan, Permata Yang Indah (Ad-durrunnafis) Beserta Tanya Jawab (Surabaya: Nur Ilmu, tth.).
Hadariansyah, "Hakikat Tauhid dalam Tasawuf Syeikh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari: Studi Terhadap Kitab al-Durr al-Nafis " (Master Thesis. AIN Arraniry, Banda Aceh, 1993).
Haira, Bahran Noor, Murjani Sani dan Mujiburrahman. “Pro Kontra Ajaran Tasawuf Kitab al-Durr al-Nafis di Kalangan Ulama Banjar” Research Report (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 2013).
Hakim, Su’âd. al-Mu’jam al-Shûfi: al-Hikmah fî Hudûd al-Kalimah (Beirut: Dandarah, 1981).
Hanafiah, Abdullah. “Kerancuan Isi Kitab Ad-Durrun Nafis” (Paper, 28 May 2001).
Hasan, Noorhaidi (ed.), Literatur Keislaman Generasi Milineal: Transmisi, Apropriasi dan Kontestasi (Yogyakarta: Pascasarjana UIN Suka, 2018).
Isa, Ahmadi. “Ajaran Tasawuf Syeikh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari dan Pendapat Ulama di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara” (Tesis Magister Pascasarjana IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 1990).
Isa, Ahmadi. Ajaran Tasawuf Muhammad Nafis dalam Perbandingan (Jakarta: Srigunting, 2001).
Jahja, M. Zurkani. "Karakteristik Sufisme di Nusantara Abad ke-17 dan 18" Kandil Vol. 2 No.4 (Februari 2004), 20-37.
Jahja, M. Zurkani. “Pemikiran Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari di Bidang Teologi dan Tasawuf” dalam Zulfa Jamalie (ed.), Biografi dan Pemikiran Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari Matahari Islam Kalimantan (Banjarmasin: PPIK, 2005), 137-174.
Johns, A.H. “Daḳā’iḳ al-Hurūf by Abd al-Ra’uf of Singkel” The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland No.1/2 (April, 1955), 55-73; dan No.3/4 (October, 1955), 139-158.
Johns, A.H. “Friends in Grace: Ibrahim al-Kurani and ‘Abd al-Ra’uf Singkel” dalam S. Udin (ed.) Spectrum: Essays Presented to Sutan Takdir Alijashbana on His Seventieth Birthday (Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 1978), 469-485.
Johns, A.H. The Gift Addressed to the Spirit of the Prophet (Canberra: Australian National University, 1965).
Khalid, Hamdan. “Pertemuan Ulama Kab HSU Agenda Khusus Dialog Kitab Ad-Durrun Nafis.” (Makalah 12 September 2000).
Mansur, Laily. Kitab Ad Durrun Nafis: Tinjauan Atas Suatu Ajaran Tasawuf (Banjarmasin: Hasanu, 1982).
Masrukhin, Mohammad Yunus. al-Wujûd wa al-Zamân fi al-Khithâb al-Shûfî ‘inda Muhy al-Dîn Ibn ‘Arabi (Beirut: Mansyûrât al-Jamal, 2015).
Masykuri, M.llham. “Ajaran Tasawuf Syekh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari” (Skripsi Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 1989).
Mujiburrahman, “Islamic Theological Texts and Contexts in Banjarese Society: An Overview of the Existing Studies” Southeast Asian Studies Vol.3 No.3 (December 2014), 611-641.
Mukti, Mohd Fakhrudin Abdul. “The Background of Malay Kalām with Special Reference to the Issue of the Şifāt of Allah” Afkār: Journal of ‘Aqidah & Islamic Thought Vol. 3 No.1 (2002), 1-32.
Muthalib, Abdul. “The Mystical Thought of Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari: An Indonesian Sufi of the Eighteenth Century (MA Thesis, Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, 1995).
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. “Oral Transmission and the Book in Islamic Education: The Spoken and the Written Word” Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 3 No.1 (1993), 1-14.
Safran, Noor Salim. "Makalah Bahasan: Beberapa Ajaran Kitab Tasawuf Wahdatul Wujud yang Tidak Sejalan dengan Ajaran Tasawuf Ahlussunnah (prasaran yang disampaikan oleh K.H. Djanawi) " in Report on Seminar on Strengthening Sunni Sufism in Saouth Kalimantan,, 26-27 March (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 1986).
Thufail, Ibnu. Hayy ibn Yaqzhân, edited by `Abd al-Halîm Mahmûd (Beirût: Dâr al-Kitâb al-Bananî, 1982).
Tim Peneliti Fakultas Ushuluddin, "Misticisme di Kalimantan Selatan," Proyek Pembinaan Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 1984/1985).
Tim Sahabat. Manakib Syekh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari dan Ajarannya (Kandangan: Sahabat, 2003)
Tim Sahabat. Manakib Syekh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari dan Ajarannya (Kandangan: Sahabat, 2013).
2. Interviews
Mujahid and Ahmad Husaini, Interview, 29 of July 2016.
Guru Zuhdiannor, Interview, 26 of July 2016.
Syamsuri Yusup, Interview, 6 of August 2016.
Abdullah, Hawasy. Perkembangan Ilmu Tasawuf dan Tokoh-Tokohnya di Nusantara. Surabaya: Al-Ikhlas, 1980.
Addas, Claude. Mencari Belerang Merah, Kisah Hidup Ibnu Arabi Trans Zaimul Am (Jakarta: Serambi, 2004).
Afandi, Saberan. "Makalah Bahasan: Beberapa Ajaran Kitab Tasawuf Wahdatul Wujud yang Tidak Sejalan dengan Ajaran Tasawuf Ahlussunnah (prasaran yang disampaikan oleh K.H. Djanawi) " in Report on Seminar on Strengthening Sunni Sufism in South Kalimantan, 26-27 March ( Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari 1986).
Al-Attas, Sayyid Muhammad Naquib. “Rânirî and the Wujûdiyyah of 17th Century: a critical study of Nûr al-Dîn al-Rânîrî’s Refutation of Hamzah Fansuri’s Mystical Philosophy based on Rânîrî’s Hujjat ’l-Siddîq lidaf’i ‘l-Zindîq and Tibyân fi Ma’rifat ‘l-Adyân and Other Malay Sources” (Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, 1962).
Al-Attas, Sayyid Muhammad Naquib. The Mysticism of Hamzah Fansuri (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya, 1970).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayân Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât, wa al-Dzât, Dzât al-Taqdîs (Bulâq: Maktabah al-Mîriyyah, 1302H/1885M).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayân Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât, wa al-Dzât, Dzât al-Taqdîs (Singapura: al-Haramain, tth).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayân Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât, wa al-Dzât, Dzât al-Taqdîs (Surabaya: Maktabah Sa’ad bin Nashir bin Nabhan, tth).
Al-Banjari, Muhammad Nafis. al-Durr al-Nafîs fi Bayâni Wahdat al-Af’âl, wa al-Asmâ’, wa al-Shifât wa al-Dzât Dzât al-Taqdîs, tahqîq wa ta’lîq oleh Ust. Ahmad Syuhada bin Thaberani al-Alabi al-Banjari (Kandangan: Sahabat, 2013).
Alexander D. Knysh, Ibnu ‘Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam (Albany: State University of New York, 1999).
Al-Falimbani, Abd al-Shamad. Sair al-Sâlikin Jilid 3 (Singapura: al-Haramain, tth), 185.
Al-Faththânî, Zain al-‘Abidin Ibn Muhammad. Aqîdat al-Nâjîn (Singapura: al-Haramain, tth).
Arsyad, Jamhari. “Risalah Amal Ma’rifah, Tinjauan Atas Satu Ajaran Tasawuf” (Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Antasari, Banjarmasin, 1985).
Asad, Talal. The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam (Wahington: CCAS Georgetown University, 1986).
Bruinessen, Martin van. Kitab Kuning, Pesantren dan Tarekat (Yogyakarta: Gading, 2012).
Djanawi, "Beberapa Ajaran Kitab Tasawuf Wahdatul Wujud yang Tidak Sejalan dengan Ajaran Tasawuf Ahlussunnah" in Report on Seminar on Strengthening Sunni Sufism in Saouth Kalimantan,, 26-27 March (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 1986).
Fathurrahman, Oman. Ithâf al-Dzakî: Tafsir Wahdat al-Wujud bagi Muslim Nusantara (Bandung: Mizan, 2012).
H.N., Haderanie. Ilmu Ketuhanan, Permata Yang Indah (Ad-durrunnafis) Beserta Tanya Jawab (Surabaya: Nur Ilmu, tth.).
Hadariansyah, "Hakikat Tauhid dalam Tasawuf Syeikh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari: Studi Terhadap Kitab al-Durr al-Nafis " (Master Thesis. AIN Arraniry, Banda Aceh, 1993).
Haira, Bahran Noor, Murjani Sani dan Mujiburrahman. “Pro Kontra Ajaran Tasawuf Kitab al-Durr al-Nafis di Kalangan Ulama Banjar” Research Report (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 2013).
Hakim, Su’âd. al-Mu’jam al-Shûfi: al-Hikmah fî Hudûd al-Kalimah (Beirut: Dandarah, 1981).
Hanafiah, Abdullah. “Kerancuan Isi Kitab Ad-Durrun Nafis” (Paper, 28 May 2001).
Hasan, Noorhaidi (ed.), Literatur Keislaman Generasi Milineal: Transmisi, Apropriasi dan Kontestasi (Yogyakarta: Pascasarjana UIN Suka, 2018).
Isa, Ahmadi. “Ajaran Tasawuf Syeikh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari dan Pendapat Ulama di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara” (Tesis Magister Pascasarjana IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 1990).
Isa, Ahmadi. Ajaran Tasawuf Muhammad Nafis dalam Perbandingan (Jakarta: Srigunting, 2001).
Jahja, M. Zurkani. "Karakteristik Sufisme di Nusantara Abad ke-17 dan 18" Kandil Vol. 2 No.4 (Februari 2004), 20-37.
Jahja, M. Zurkani. “Pemikiran Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari di Bidang Teologi dan Tasawuf” dalam Zulfa Jamalie (ed.), Biografi dan Pemikiran Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari Matahari Islam Kalimantan (Banjarmasin: PPIK, 2005), 137-174.
Johns, A.H. “Daḳā’iḳ al-Hurūf by Abd al-Ra’uf of Singkel” The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland No.1/2 (April, 1955), 55-73; dan No.3/4 (October, 1955), 139-158.
Johns, A.H. “Friends in Grace: Ibrahim al-Kurani and ‘Abd al-Ra’uf Singkel” dalam S. Udin (ed.) Spectrum: Essays Presented to Sutan Takdir Alijashbana on His Seventieth Birthday (Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 1978), 469-485.
Johns, A.H. The Gift Addressed to the Spirit of the Prophet (Canberra: Australian National University, 1965).
Khalid, Hamdan. “Pertemuan Ulama Kab HSU Agenda Khusus Dialog Kitab Ad-Durrun Nafis.” (Makalah 12 September 2000).
Mansur, Laily. Kitab Ad Durrun Nafis: Tinjauan Atas Suatu Ajaran Tasawuf (Banjarmasin: Hasanu, 1982).
Masrukhin, Mohammad Yunus. al-Wujûd wa al-Zamân fi al-Khithâb al-Shûfî ‘inda Muhy al-Dîn Ibn ‘Arabi (Beirut: Mansyûrât al-Jamal, 2015).
Masykuri, M.llham. “Ajaran Tasawuf Syekh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari” (Skripsi Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 1989).
Mujiburrahman, “Islamic Theological Texts and Contexts in Banjarese Society: An Overview of the Existing Studies” Southeast Asian Studies Vol.3 No.3 (December 2014), 611-641.
Mukti, Mohd Fakhrudin Abdul. “The Background of Malay Kalām with Special Reference to the Issue of the Şifāt of Allah” Afkār: Journal of ‘Aqidah & Islamic Thought Vol. 3 No.1 (2002), 1-32.
Muthalib, Abdul. “The Mystical Thought of Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari: An Indonesian Sufi of the Eighteenth Century (MA Thesis, Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, 1995).
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. “Oral Transmission and the Book in Islamic Education: The Spoken and the Written Word” Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 3 No.1 (1993), 1-14.
Safran, Noor Salim. "Makalah Bahasan: Beberapa Ajaran Kitab Tasawuf Wahdatul Wujud yang Tidak Sejalan dengan Ajaran Tasawuf Ahlussunnah (prasaran yang disampaikan oleh K.H. Djanawi) " in Report on Seminar on Strengthening Sunni Sufism in Saouth Kalimantan,, 26-27 March (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 1986).
Thufail, Ibnu. Hayy ibn Yaqzhân, edited by `Abd al-Halîm Mahmûd (Beirût: Dâr al-Kitâb al-Bananî, 1982).
Tim Peneliti Fakultas Ushuluddin, "Misticisme di Kalimantan Selatan," Proyek Pembinaan Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam (Banjarmasin: IAIN Antasari, 1984/1985).
Tim Sahabat. Manakib Syekh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari dan Ajarannya (Kandangan: Sahabat, 2003)
Tim Sahabat. Manakib Syekh Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari dan Ajarannya (Kandangan: Sahabat, 2013).
2. Interviews
Mujahid and Ahmad Husaini, Interview, 29 of July 2016.
Guru Zuhdiannor, Interview, 26 of July 2016.
Syamsuri Yusup, Interview, 6 of August 2016.